Virus vs. Bacteria:
How to Know When You Need Antibiotics

Don't expect antibiotics to cure every illness. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. In the past antibiotics were prescribed "just in case" the infection was bacterial rather than viral because it was thought that taking them "couldn't do any harm". Wrong. This very practice has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.

While the use of antibiotics depends on the specific diagnosis, basic guidelines include:

• Colds and flu are caused by viruses. They cant' be cured with antibiotics. Symptoms can last two weeks or more and should be allowed to run their course.
• Cough and bronchitis are almost always caused by viruses. However, if you have a lung condition or the illness lasts a long time, your infection may be caused by a bacteria instead. Your doctor may decide to try treatment with an antibiotic.
• Sore throats are most often caused by viruses. Strep throat is caused by bacteria and requires treatment with antibiotics. A throat swab and a lab test are needed before your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic for a sore throat.
• Ear infections often require the use of antibiotics. However, not all ear infections are bacterial infections.
• Sinus infections do not always indicate a bacterial infection. Even if you have a runny nose, or yellow or green mucus, you may not have a bacterial infection. Antibiotics should only be used for severe infections or infections that last more than two weeks.